AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 Help
AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 utilizes the following maximum steering angle datasets for airplanes, vehicles, and wheeled helicopters, and VTOLs by default.
Effective steering angle with symmetric thrust and no differential braking
The maximum effective steering angle / angle percentage that may be utilized by AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 when performing a simulation can be limited in the Path, Group Path, and Group Lead-in tools using the Turn Limit parameter (default: 80% of the maximum effective steering angle). In the Fillet tool, the Turn Limit parameter is fixed at 95% of the maximum effective steering angle (this value cannot be altered as the results of this tool are based purely on geometry, hence speed plays no role).
Note: For certain airplanes, it is possible to account for the effect of asymmetric thrust and differential braking (Path, Group Lead-in, and Group Path only), resulting in an increase to the maximum effective steering angle. Relevant steering angle data is sourced from the manufacturer's Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning (ACAP) documentation.
Steering angle, physical
The maximum allowable angle / angle percentage that may be utilized by AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 when performing a simulation can be limited within the Path tool using the Turn Limit parameter (default: 90% of the maximum steering angle).
Important! AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 acts as a tool to design, analyze, and visualize a maneuver. Engineering judgment should be applied to determine the best values for the given situation.
AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 employs various default speed values depending on the object type (airplane, airplane-vehicle combination, vehicles, wheeled helicopters, and VTOLs) and movement direction (forward or reverse).
Note: Speed may be set using the Speed parameter within the Path tool. For maneuvers involving tight turns, speeds less than ~15 km/h or 10 mph are advised. Speeds in the range of 5-10 km/h / 3-6 mph are recommended for airplane maneuvers such as lead-in to the gate or power-out. Reversing maneuvers, including pushbacks, should be performed at very low speeds in the range of 3-6 km/h / 2-4 mph. Speeds above 30 km/h or 20 mph should be used primarily for time-distance evaluations. In the Group Path, Group Lead-in, and Fillet tools, the Speed parameter is fixed at a low speed (this value cannot be altered as the results of these tools are based purely on geometry, hence speed plays no role).
Important! AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 acts as a tool to design, analyze, and visualize a maneuver. Engineering judgment should be applied to determine the best values for the given situation.
AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 does not consider vehicle acceleration or deceleration. When simulations are generated from a stopped position or to a stopped position, the vehicle is assumed to reach its final speed or come to a stop in a short enough distance that it can be ignored when determining the turn radius. However, any changes made to speed during the path creation are instantaneous.
The movements in AviPLAN Airside Pro 2024 are based on the Ackerman theory of steering geometry; a geometric arrangement of linkages in the steering of a moving wheeled object to solve the problem of wheels on the inside and outside of a turn needing to trace out circles of different radii. The Ackerman theory is sound for low speed maneuvers.
The minimum turning radii, particularly relevant for speeds in excess of ~30km/h or 20mph, are calculated using formulae published in the following documents:
The software assumes that the airplane, wheeled helicopter, or vehicle is rolling on a flat, dry, and rigid surface with normal (airplanes) or no (vehicles, wheeled helicopters, and VTOLs) skidding or tire slippage. Centrifugal forces and the effect of loading and weight distribution are not taken into consideration. The use of the software shall therefore be limited to low speed maneuvers where these effects are insignificant.